Serum hepatocyte growth factor is increased in Hashimoto's thyroiditis whether or not it is associated with nodular goiter as compared with healthy non-goitrous individuals

Background: Some growth factors and cytokines are known to cooperate with TSH in thyroid nodular growth, but few data are available on their circulating levels in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Aim: To evaluate in HT patients whether thyroid nodules are associated with variations in serum levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Subjects and methods: Serum levels of HGF and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 176 euthyroid subjects, subdivided into 4 groups: A) HT patients with nodular goiter (no.=42); B) non-goitrous HT patients (no.=36); C) non-HT patients with nodular goiter (no.=48), and D) healthy subjects without thyroid disease (no.=50). Results: The highest concentrations of serum HGF were found in patients with nodular goiter, irrespective of the presence of associated HT (groups A and Q. Nevertheless, in group A serum HGF levels were significantly higher than in group C (860.8 +/- 333.6 pg/ml vs; 691.5 +/- 156 pg/ml, p<0.01). Moreover, though serum HGF levels in group B (578.3 +/- 217 pg/ml) were lower than in group A, they were significantly higher than in healthy controls (group D, 512.7 +/- 170.4 pg/ml, p<0.001). Serum IL-6 levels were similar in the two HT groups (A and B), and increased with respect to groups C and D. Conclusions: Serum HGF is increased in HT, especially associated to thyroid nodules, as compared with healthy non-goitrous individuals. (J. Endocrinol. Invest. 32: 465-469, 2009)