Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Alexithymia: A Systematic Review

Background: Alexithymia has been recognised as a predictor of negative outcomes in
various chronic conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, evidence
concerning its role in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) remains limited. This systematic
review aims to explore the relationship between alexithymia and T1DM. Methods: In June
2025, following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using Scopus,
PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Studies specifically addressing the relationship
between alexithymia and type 1 diabetes mellitus were analysed. The search strategy
included the keywords “Alexithymia” AND (“Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus” OR “T1DM”). The
NIH Study Quality Assessment Tool was employed to evaluate the methodological quality
of the selected studies. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The systematic
analysis of the literature highlighted three dominant themes: alexithymia was found to be
associated with patients’ health status concerning weight and obesity, glycaemic control,
and psychopathological symptoms. Moreover, alexithymia emerged as a potential predictor
of adverse outcomes in T1DM self-management. Conclusions: Available evidence suggests
that alexithymia has a clinically relevant impact on the management of T1DM. However,
further research involving larger samples and longitudinal designs is needed to bridge
the gap with other chronic conditions. Promoting evidence-based research in this area is
aligned with the need for targeted psychological assessment, specific interventions, and
improved care strategies.