Psychological Violence in Image-Based Sexual Abuse (IBSA): The Role of Psychological Traits and Social Communications—A Narrative Review

This narrative review has examined the psychological and emotional effects of non-consensual distribution of intimate images, a phenomenon known as Image-Based Sexual Abuse (IBSA). It is an increasingly frequent phenomenon, and in detail, it consists of when a person uploads nude/semi-nude photos of someone online; therefore, it is similar to nonconsensual pornography. According to the scientific literature, this phenomenon has caused victims to experience trust issues, anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts, social withdrawal, public shame and humiliation, depression, fear, anxiety, stress, inability to find new romantic partners, and several other mental health effects. The aim of this study was to study the psychological consequences of Image-Based Sexual Abuse on victims. This study is a narrative review conducted in accordance with the SANRA guidelines. Findings have shown that revenge pornography and non-consensual intimate images have had devastating impacts on victims’ mental health.