To obtain more with less: cytologic samples with ancillary molecular techniques-the useful role of liquid-based cytology

Context.-Fine-needle aspiration cytology has been increasingly used as the first tool in the evaluation of several diseases. Although cytology has a relevant role in the discrimination between benign and malignant lesions, conventional slides cannot lead to 100% conclusive results. It was hoped that the introduction of liquid-based cytology (LBC) would improve the efficacy of cytology through standardization, quality improvement, and the possibility of carrying out ancillary techniques on the residual stored material. In recent decades, the application of genomic alterations has been studied on cytologic samples with feasible and reliable results. The molecular analysis offers a powerful aid to define the best clinical or surgical approaches and follow-up for patients. In recent years, the application of different ancillary techniques has been carried out on conventional slides even though LBC represents a useful additional and alternative method for molecular testing. Objective.-To demonstrate the relevance of LBC as a valid aid to overcoming the difficulties encountered in the application of ancillary techniques on conventional slides. Data Sources.-We examined and reviewed our experience with the application of ancillary techniques on LBC performed on different body sites. Conclusions.-We emphasize that LBC achieves significant and accurate results. It represents a valid method for cytologic evaluation and it provides highly reproducible and informative molecular yields.