Head and neck cancer survivors patients and late effects related to oncologic treatment: Update of literature

Cancer survivorship represents a new challenge in the third Millennium. In Europe the number of cancer survivors was estimated to be 17,8 million in 2008 and this number is growing. Recent improvements in cancer survival are largely due to earlier diagnosis and advancements in treatment. Despite having favorable effects on cancer survival, radiation therapy, surgery treatment and combination chemotherapy regimens can also cause longterm organ damage and functional disabilities. In this paper we review the most important aspects of long-term toxicities in otolaryngology cancer survivors patients.