Waveforms only based nonlinear de-embedding in active devices

A novel nonlinear de-embedding procedure based on only the use of low- and high-frequency vector large-signal measurements is proposed. The nonlinear Q-V characteristics, along with the parasitic network, are here determined by combining vector measurements with numerical optimization. Consequently, the knowledge of their contributions allows one to retrieve the actual waveform at the current generator plane starting from any high-frequency load line.