Fatal Intoxication of European Yew (Taxus baccata L.) in Two Donkeys in North-Eastern Italy: A Case Report

Poisoning caused by Taxus baccata is a well-known cause of sudden death in domestic animals due to the cardiotoxic effects of taxine alkaloids. This study describes two cases of fatal intoxication in donkeys (Equus africanus asinus) and demonstrates a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach combining pathology, botanical identification, and toxicology. Two animals were found dead without prior clinical signs on a farm in north-eastern Italy. Necropsies were performed, and samples were collected for further investigations. Histopathological findings were limited and non-specific, consistent with the hyperacute course typical of yew poisoning. Fragments of plant material resembling yew needles and twigs were identified in the gastric contents. Toxicological analysis using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of taxane alkaloids, supporting the diagnosis of yew poisoning. These data highlight the importance of integrating necropsy results with botanical examination and targeted toxicological analyses in cases of suspected plant poisoning. This multidisciplinary approach provides a reliable diagnostic framework for confirming yew poisoning in veterinary investigations.