Genome-wide scan for selective sweeps reveals novel loci associated with prolificacy in iranian sheep breeds in comparison with highly prolific exotic breed

Domestication and selection significantly changed phenotypic traits in modern domestic animals. To identify the genomic regions associated with prolificacy in this study, 837 ewes from three Iranian indigenous sheep breeds, consisting of Baluchi, Lori-Bakhtiari, and Zandi uniparous breeds, and one Greek highly prolific dairy sheep, namely Chios, were genotyped using OvineSNP50K arrays. Statistical tests were then performed using different and complementary methods based on either site frequency (FST) and haplotype (hapFLK) between populations, followed by a pathway analysis of the genes contained in the selected regions. The results revealed that for the top 0.01 percentile of the obtained FST values, 16 genomic regions on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, and 20, and for hapFLK values, 3 regions located on chromosomes 3, 7, and 13, were under selection. A bioinformatic analysis of these genomic regions showed that these loci overlapped with potential candidate genes associated with prolificacy in sheep including GNAQ, COL5A2, COL3A1, HECW1, FBN1, COMMD3, RYR1, CCL28, SERPINA14, and HSPA2. These regions also overlapped with some quantitative trait loci (QTLs) linked to prolificacy traits, milk yield, and body weight. These findings suggest that future research could further link these genomic regions to prolificacy traits in sheep.