Survey on Adsorption of Low Molecular Weight Compounds in Cu-BTC Metal–Organic Framework: Experimental Results and Thermodynamic Modeling

This contribution aims at providing a critical overview of experimental results for the sorption of low molecular weight compounds in the Cu-BTC Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) and of their interpretation using available and new, specifically developed, theoretical approaches. First, a literature review of experimental results for the sorption of gases and vapors is presented, with particular focus on the results obtained from vibrational spectroscopy techniques. Then, an overview of theoretical models available in the literature is presented starting from semiempirical theoretical approaches suitable to interpret the adsorption thermodynamics of gases and vapors in Cu-BTC. A more detailed description is provided of a recently proposed Lattice Fluid approach, the Rigid Adsorbent Lattice Fluid (RALF) model. In addition, to deal with the cases where specific self- and cross-interactions (e.g., H-bonding, Lewis acid/Lewis base interactions) play a role, a modification of the RALF model, i.e., the RALFHB model, is introduced here for the first time. An extension of both RALF and RALFHB is also presented to cope with the cases in which the heterogeneity of the rigid adsorbent displaying a different kind of adsorbent cages is of relevance, as it occurs for the adsorption of some low molecular weight substances in Cu-BTC MOF.