Fungi and non-tuberculous mycobacteria: emerging pathogens in cystic fibrosis

Fungi and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly isolated in the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), often representing a diagnostic-therapeutic problem for the clinician. For this, it is essential to start screening programs for these pathogens in all patients with CF, especially in individuals with an otherwise unexplained deterioration of lung function. Infections sustained by these pathogens are also a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the post-transplant period. Early diagnosis and treatment play a central role in the management of all CF patients.