Hierarchically controlled protonation/aggregation of a porphyrin–spermine derivative

We designed and synthesized a new porphyrin-spermine derivative that self-assembles under hierarchical control. Its aggregation processes depend on the protonation of both the spermine units and central core nitrogen atoms. Therefore, the time duration of pH titrations and/or the direct protonation of a specific site allow for choosing the desired aggregation state of the system.