Fluctuation-Enhanced Sensing (FES): A Promising Sensing Technique

Fluctuation-enhanced sensing (FES) is a very powerful odor and gas sensing technique and as such it can play a fundamental role in the control of environments and, therefore, in the protection of health. For this reason, we conduct a comprehensive survey on the state-of-the-art of the FES technique, highlighting potentials and limits. Particular attention is paid to the dedicated instrumentation necessary for the application of the FES technique and also in this case limits and possible future developments are highlighted. In particular, we address resolution, measurement speed, reproducibility, memory, noise, and other problems such as the influence of humidity. A number of techniques and guidelines are proposed to overcome these problems. Circuit solutions are also discussed.