Effect of levobupivacaine, administered intraperitoneally, on physiological variables and on intrasurgery and postsurgery pain in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate intraoperative and postoperative efficacy and cardiovascular effectsof levobupivacaine compared with bupivacaine, administered intraperitoneally in dogs undergoingovariohysterectomy surgery. Thirty female dogs were divided into three groups B, L, and E, eachcomprising ten subjects. All subjects received 5 mcg kg-1dexmedetomidine and 0.3 mg kg-1methadoneintramuscularly, 4 mg kg-1propofol intravenously, and isoflurane after intubation. After laparotomy,2.5 mg kg-1bupivacaine (B group), 2.5 mg kg-1levobupivacaine (L group), and 0.9% saline solution (Egroup) were sprayed on ovarian stalks and on the neck of the uterus. Heart rate, respiratory rate, he-moglobin saturation (SpO2), noninvasive systolic blood pressure, carbon dioxide at the end of expiration(ETCO2), and concentration of inspired isoflurane were recorded. Evaluation of intraoperative analgesiawas performed with a cumulative pain scale, whereas evaluation of postoperative analgesia was per-formed using the University of Melbourne Pain Scale. Intraoperative analgesia was significantly differentamong the groupsP¼0.000; L group scores were lower than groups B and E. Total pain score, during the24 hours after extubation, was significantly different between the groups. In fact, in groups B and L,scores were statistically lower than group E. In our study, there were no differences in anesthetic powerbetween the two local anesthetics. No patients manifested side effects. Intraperitoneal anesthesia, withlevobupivacaine represents an effective and safe method to control intraoperative and postoperative painin abdominal surgeryintrarticularly, perineurally, or intraperitoneally tocreate a better multimodal intraoperative and postoperative anal-gesia (Agarwal et al., 2017; Bartel et al., 2016; Bidika et al., 2017;Cerasoli et al., 2017; Gao et al., 2017; Hashimoto et al., 2010;Kalchofner Guerrero et al., 2016; Rausch-Derra et al., 2016; Shaikhet al., 2017; Wall et al., 2017).Intraperitoneal anesthesia is an economic, effective, and safemethod for controlling intraoperative and postoperative pain inabdominal surgery . Ó2018 Published by Elsevier Inc.IntroductionIn pets and humans, the use of local anesthetics is widespread:ropivacaine, mepivacaine, bupivacaine, and its racemic form, levo-bupivacaine, are new generation anesthetics used alone or incombination with anesthetic drugs, analgesics, and opioids as asupplement to general anesthesia. They are usually administeredepidurally, intrarticularly, perineurally, or intraperitoneally tocreate a better multimodal intraoperative and postoperative anal-gesia (Agarwal et al., 2017; Bartel et al., 2016; Bidika et al., 2017;Cerasoli et al., 2017; Gao et al., 2017; Hashimoto et al., 2010;Kalchofner Guerrero et al., 2016; Rausch-Derra et al., 2016; Shaikhet al., 2017; Wall et al., 2017).Intraperitoneal anesthesia is an economic, effective, and safemethod for controlling intraoperative and postoperative pain inabdominal surgery.