Oxidative Stress and Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn treated with Inhaled Nitric Oxide and Different Oxygen Concentrations

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of inhaled NO with different oxygen concentrations on the inflammatory cascade in newborns with hypoxic respiratory failure (HRF) secondary to persistent pulmonary hypertension. Methods: 60 newborns received iNO and 30 of them received an initial oxygen concentration of 45% (group 1), while the other 30 newborns received an initial oxygen concentration of 80% (group 2). The levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) were measured. The clinical outcome was also recorded. Results: The findings show that interleukin concentrations (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) were significantly decreased between 0 to 72 hours (p <0.01) in the newborns exposed to initial oxygen concentration of 45% and significantly increased in the other group. Conclusions: When inhaled NO was co-administered with concentration of O(2) < 45%, anti-inflammatory responses occurred, in accord with evidence in the published literature. The benefits of iNO on the clinical outcome in the current study demonstrate that inhaled NO in both groups was associated with improved short-term oxygenation.