Personality Traits, Psychological Stress, and Anatomical Biomarkers in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Multimodal Case–Control Study

Background: To investigate the anatomical and psychological characteristics of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR) using a multimodal approach combining spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and psychometric profiling. The study aims to explore potential correlations between personality traits and disease features to inform future risk stratification and management. Methods: A case–control observational study involving 44 participants (22 patients with CSCR and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls). Participants underwent high-resolution OCT to assess choroidal thickness, subretinal fluid, and photoreceptor integrity. Psychological profiles were evaluated using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5–Brief Form (PID-5-BF) and the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego–Brief (TEMPS-A-brief). Data were statistically analyzed using Python 3.11, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: CSCR was more prevalent in males (male:female ratio of 10:1), with a mean age of 50.6 years. OCT revealed increased choroidal thickness, photoreceptor disruption, and subretinal fluid in affected individuals. A positive correlation was found between age and choroidal thickness (ρ = 0.41; p < 0.05). No significant association was found with corticosteroid use. Although group comparisons in psychological traits were not statistically significant, a trend toward elevated negative affectivity was observed in the CSCR group. Conclusions: CSCR appears to result from a multifactorial interaction between anatomical and psychological components. While no definitive psychological markers were identified, elevated negative affectivity may serve as a vulnerability trait in susceptible individuals. Further longitudinal and larger-scale studies are necessary to validate these findings and investigate the utility of psychological screening in CSCR care.