Pelvic Actinomycosis and Diagnostic Complexity: Case Report with Literature Review

Introduction: Actinomyces are commensal bacteria that colonize various sites in the human body. Under certain predisposing conditions, they can proliferate and cause granulomatous inflammation in different tissues. Pelvic actinomycosis is an extremely rare condition; its significance lies in the fact that it can be easily misdiagnosed as gynecological malignancy based on clinical manifestations and imaging findings. According to the literature, this type of inflammatory disease is a common mimic of ovarian cancer. Objective and methods: This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the characteristics of pelvic actinomycosis through a literature review and the description of two cases collected between 2023 and 2024 at Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Santa Maria della Misericordia in Udine Italy.