Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in Patient with Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review

Background/Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) encompass a wide range of heart and vascular conditions and remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a psychotherapeutic approach that integrates acceptance, mindfulness, and commitment to value-based actions. This systematic review aims to explore the current evidence on the potential role of ACT interventions in supporting psychological well-being among individuals with CVDs. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A search of the literature was conducted through Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and PsycINFO databases. Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: The reviewed studies suggest that ACT may promote psychological flexibility, emotion regulation, and self-care behaviors in patients with CVDs. Reported outcomes include improved mindfulness, reduced distress, and enhanced quality of life. However, the evidence base is limited in both size and methodological rigor, with included studies varying in design and population. Conclusions: While preliminary findings indicate that ACT shows promise in addressing psychological aspects of CVDs, the current evidence remains insufficient to draw definitive conclusions. Further high-quality, large-scale studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness and clinical applicability of ACT in cardiovascular populations.