AN EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF THE JOB DEMANDS-RESOURCES THEORY

In this work, we tested basic propositions of the job demands-resources (JD-R) theory. The vignette technique was applied. A 2 × 2 experimental design was used, defined by the following between-participants factors: resources (high vs. low) and demands (high vs. low). A specific scenario was devised for each cell of the experimental design. Participants were university students; the majority was enrolled in bachelor’s or master’s degrees in social or occupational psychology. A paper-and-pencil questionnaire was the study’s tool. In analyzing data, ANOVA was applied, and mediation models were tested with path analysis. Validating basic propositions of the JD-R theory, findings showed that resources instigate a motivational process leading to work engagement and performance; they also reduce burnout (exhaustion). Demands, in contrast, lead to exhaustion and have a low (negative) impact on work engagement. Findings also showed the central role that basic need satisfaction (self-determination theory) plays in the association between job characteristics and work engagement and exhaustion.