Bone Morophogenetic Protein Application as Grafting Materials for Bone Regeneration in Craniofacial Surgery: Current Application and Future Directions

ABSTRACT: Rebuilding atrophied alveolar ridges can present a significant challenge for the maxillofacial surgeons. A multitude of treatment options including guided bone regeneration, onlay block grafting, and distraction osteogenesis are today available as safe procedures.The recent Food and Drug Administration approval of recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMPs) has given clinicians an added treatment option for reconstructing localized and large jaw defects. Currently, several patients have been successfully treated with the combination of bone graft and rhBMP-2 and the results have been documented as predictable and safe by clinical and radiologic examinations follow-up. In this study, a literature review was conducted using Medline, Medpilot, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. It was concentrated on manuscripts and overviews published in the last 20 years (2000-2020). The key terms employed were platelet-rich plasma, rhBMPs, and their combinations with the common scaffolds used for bone regeneration techniques. The results of clinical studies and animal trials were especially emphasized. The statements from the literature were compared with authors' own clinical data.The potential to reconstruct these large bone defects with a growth factor thus limiting or even avoiding a secondary harvest site is exciting and it represents a new frontier in the field of surgery. This study data confirm how there are excellent documents about the possible combination of using substitute materials and growth factor for treating large and minor craniofacial bone defects.