Fluctuation-Enhanced Sensing (FES): A Promising Sensing Technique

Fluctuation-enhanced sensing (FES) is a very powerful odor and gas sensing technique
and as such it can play a fundamental role in the control of environments and, therefore, in the
protection of health. For this reason, we conduct a comprehensive survey on the state-of-the-art of
the FES technique, highlighting potentials and limits. Particular attention is paid to the dedicated
instrumentation necessary for the application of the FES technique and also in this case limits and
possible future developments are highlighted. In particular, we address resolution, measurement
speed, reproducibility, memory, noise, and other problems such as the influence of humidity.
A number of techniques and guidelines are proposed to overcome these problems. Circuit solutions
are also discussed.